19 General utilities library [utilities]

19.14 Function objects [function.objects]

19.14.12 Function object binders [func.bind]

19.14.12.4 Placeholders [func.bind.place]

namespace std::placeholders {
  // M is the implementation-defined number of placeholders
  see below _1;
  see below _2;
              .
              .
              .
  see below _M;
}

All placeholder types shall be Cpp17DefaultConstructible and Cpp17CopyConstructible, and their default constructors and copy/move constructors shall not throw exceptions.

It is implementation-defined whether placeholder types are Cpp17CopyAssignable.

Cpp17CopyAssignable placeholders' copy assignment operators shall not throw exceptions.

Placeholders should be defined as:

inline constexpr unspecified _1{};

If they are not, they shall be declared as:

extern unspecified _1;